The cephalofacial characterization in humans: The study using igbo tribe in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Cranial and facial indices are among the most important craniofacial parameters most useful racial classification, categorization and forensic examination. In this, cranial and facial parameters serve as bio-anthropological tools for both biometric and crime scene purposes in the developed nation. Despite the rise in crime scenes and body mutilations in Nigeria, very little information is available on anthropometric variables using head and face of Igbo extractions. Aim: Aim of this study is to establish facial and head anthropometry in the bio-anthropological database for the South-Eastern Nigerians. Materials and methods: A total of 189 healthy individuals without cranial or facial deformities in Urban Secondary School, Abakaliki in Ebonyi State were recruited for the study. Results: The results of the study showed that male facial parameters had significantly higher dimensions than those of the female participants. The association between cranial and facial dimensions, sex and age using Pearson's correlation analysis was done. Linear regression analysis was applied to determine strength of relationship of the facial dimensions and age. The level of statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05 with confidence interval at 95%. Conclusion: the study characterized anthropometrics of face and head of Igbos in the South-Eastern region of Nigeria. From this study, Igbo ethnic group fall under the platyrrhine type of nose. Igbo males and Igbo females are mesocephalic from this study. On the average from this work, the mean C.I. in the Igbo tribe belongs to mesocephalic or medium headed population.