Lifetime Prevalence, Patterns, and Associated Factors of Psychoactive Substance Abuse Among Commercial Male Tricycle Drivers in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of psychoactive substance abuse among male tricycle drivers in the Tamale Metropolis, Northern Ghana, using a descriptive cross-sectional design. A convenience sampling technique was used to survey 384 male tricycle drivers with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression to explore the relationships between sociodemographic factors and psychoactive substance abuse outcomes. The results showed that the lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance abuse among participants was 43.0%. Currently, 71.6% reported substance use, with cigarettes being the most common substance (30.5%). About 45.1% agreed that substances helped them stay awake while driving, and 39.6% believed substances helped them drive faster. Knowledge of psychoactive substance abuse was classified as good among 53.1% of participants, and 51.8% held supportive attitudes toward its use. Logistic regression analysis identified a higher likelihood of psychoactive substance abuse among individuals from nuclear families, middle-income households, Christians, non-owners of tricycles, and those with a history of multiple accidents. Although most participants had a good understanding of psychoactive substance abuse, the study emphasizes the need for targeted educational and awareness programs to address the risks and consequences of substance use among male tricycle drivers.