Pathway in Developing Sport Ecosystem in Small States

Abstract

Sport in Montenegro carries the tradition of early sport and the institutional setting of the Czech Sokol movement. Broader socio-political changes had major influences on the organizational changes. From the birth of organized sport during the period of the aristocratic regime of the Kingdom of Montenegro, the Yugoslav dictatorship between the two world wars, the socio-political monopoly of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) and under the illiberal rule of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS), physical education and the concept of physical culture represented its key elements. Sport was seen as one segment of the specific culture, the physical culture, which remained one of the strongholds for solidarity and emancipation processes throughout the twentieth century. This was especially present after World War II, when strong attention was dedicated to integrating physical education into the concept of physical culture. The post-socialist period reflects the effects of national awakening, the pluralization of politics, and the liberalization of the economy.