Exploring the Coordination Properties of Phosphonium-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Towards Gold

Abstract

Gold(I) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands functionalized with a pendant phosphonium moiety were synthesized by simple procedures. In particular, the simple addition of LiBr salt in the reaction media allows the formation of the NHC gold(I) mononuclear complexes, whilst in the absence of excess bromide ions the deprotonation of the methylene group in alpha position to the phosphonium group occurs, allowing the isolation of the dinuclear complexes with two C,C-bridging NHC-phosphonium ylide ligands. The complexes were characterized in solution with NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry, as well as in the solid state by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Mononuclear gold(III) species were also isolated by Br2 oxidative addition to the mononuclear gold(I) species and fully characterized. Preliminary results of the biological effects on MCF7 cancer cells are also reported.