Introduction: Xpert MTB/RIF is recommended for the simultaneous detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance directly from sputum specimens. Since young children cannot always expectorate, we assessed urine as a possible specimen source to diagnose TB in children using Xpert MTB/RIF. Methods: During a field study to enhance childhood TB identification, spot urine samples were prospectively collected from consecutive ambulatory children aged 0 to 14 years presenting with presumptive pulmonary TB in community health centers. Urine Xpert MTB/RIF was performed by blinded technicians in 182 samples using 2 ml of unprocessed urine. Results: The mean age of presumptive TB cases was 5.9 years (median 5.4, range 0.1 to 14.7) with more males (113, 62%) compared to females. All urine samples tested negative for Xpert MTB/RIF, regardless of whether concentration was performed or not. Out of these 182 presumptive TB cases, 50 (28%) were clinically diagnosed and 5 (3%) were bacteriologically diagnosed to have TB disease using either sputum or nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens. Conclusions: In this community-based study, urine Xpert MTB/RIF does not appear to contribute to the diagnosis of childhood TB.
CITATION STYLE
Lopez, A. L., Aldaba, J. G., Morales-Dizon, M., Sarol, J. N., Daag, J. V., Ama, M. C., … Nielsen-Saines, K. (2019). Urine Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 79, 44–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.013
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