Extracción con CO2 Supercrítico de aceite de semillas de guanábana (Annona muricata): Cinética, perfil de ácidos grasos y esteroles

Abstract

The extraction of soursop seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide was performed, using pressures between 20 MPa and 35 MPa and temperatures from 313 K to 333 K, with a constant CO2 flow of 30 g.min-1 and an extraction time of 150 min. A central composite experimental design was used to study the effect of pressure (P) and temperature (T) on the yield, fatty acids profile and sterols. The fatty acids profile and sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography. The pressure had a significant effect (p<0,05) on the yield and an optimum yield of 12.9% was reached. Oleic acid is the major fatty acid, followed by palmitic and linoleic acid. Stearic, palmitoleic, linoleic and dodecanoic acids were found in smaller proportions. The presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was also found. Therefore, the solvent-free oil obtained shows potential to be used as a natural ingredient in different industries.