Effects of a Digital Musculoskeletal Acute Care Program on Chronic Pain Prevention: An Observational Study with Nonparticipant Comparison Group

Abstract

Background: There is limited research on whether digital interventions can prevent acute or subacute pain from developing into chronic pain. This observational study’s primary objective examined whether chronic pain was more likely to be prevented in digital acute MSK program participants than nonparticipants. An exploratory objective was time to pain relief for program participants versus nonparticipants. Patients and Methods: The intervention group participants conducted video visits with physical therapists and were recommended exercise therapies and educational articles delivered through an app dedicated to addressing musculoskeletal (MSK) needs. This study used a multidimensional approach incorporating pain, function, depression, and anxiety scores to determine whether chronic pain prevention was achieved at 12 weeks. Descriptive analyses, unadjusted, and adjusted logistic regression were conducted. Time-to-event analysis was performed to compare the time to pain relief between groups. Results: A total of 171 participants (intervention: 75, nonparticipants: 96) with baseline and 3, 6, and 12 week follow-up data were included in the sample. Baseline mean (SD) age was 44.2 (11.8) years and mean VAS pain was 43.3 (22.9), out of 100. Results showed significantly higher odds of achieving chronic pain prevention at 12 weeks in the intervention participants versus nonparticipants. After adjusting for age, pain region, registration month, number of weeks of pain experienced, and healthcare service use at 12 weeks, 20.5% of the intervention group and 5.5% of the nonparticipant group achieved chronic pain prevention. At 91 days, the probability of developing chronic pain was 77.7% for nonparticipants and 46.5% for intervention participants (p<0.001; Log rank test). Conclusion: A digital acute MSK program may help to prevent chronic pain from developing among those with acute and subacute MSK needs. Study results also suggest that program participants achieve chronic pain relief sooner compared to nonparticipants.