Functional decline as an indicator of ill-health: A retrospective case study of the process leading to lung cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Lung cancer claims more lives than any cancer in the world and remains difficult to diagnosis at early stages. Detecting lung cancer is challenging due to nonspecific symptom presentation. Literature was reviewed to consider functional decline as an indicator for illhealth. This study explored the process experienced from recognition in a change of health to receiving a lung cancer diagnosis from a patient’s perspective in order to examine this phase through a biopsychosocial lens. Patients and Methods: A single-case design methodology was used for this study. The method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with people diagnosed with lung cancer utilizing criterion sampling. The case study was bound by diagnostic and geographical factors to frame the single-case: Participants were limited to those living in Alaska diagnosed with stage III or stage IV lung cancer. Results: One (n = 1) person participated in this study. Themes consistent with lung cancer detection process from a patient’s perspective include symptom denial, symptom reductionism, and gradual impact on function. Conclusion: Although the number of participants was extremely limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of recruitment, this case study suggests a decline in function present prior to being diagnosed with lung cancer. Opportunities exist within the provider and patient interface to promote earlier detection include educating medical providers to ask specific, closed-ended, non-disease related functional questions to ascertain more details and a holistic representation of patients’ health. Raising public awareness of lung cancer symptoms, such as fatigue and dyspnea, is also warranted.