Prevalence of depression and associated factors among epileptic patients at Ilu Ababore zone hospitals, South West Ethiopia, 2017: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Depression is one of the most common and overwhelming mental disorder in patients with epilepsy. Despite its high prevalence, depression continues to be under-recognized and undertreated. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among epileptic patients attending the outpatient department of Ilu Ababore zone hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 402 individual with epilepsy. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Depression was measured using Beck's Depression Inventory II. Oslo 3 Social Support Scale was used to assess social support. Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the stress level of epileptic patients. The data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by the SPSS version 20 software. We computed bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions to assess factors associated with depression. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 402 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 96.2%. The prevalence of depression was found to be 48.1%. In the final multivariate analysis, educational status [unable to read and write (AOR = 4.01,95% CI = 3.82, 8.28), primary (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI = 3.12,9.29), secondary (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.89,7.24)], high perceived stress (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.70, 8.41), poor social support (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.42, 2.78), onset of illness < 6 year (AOR = 2.40, 95%CI = 2.10,7.91), seizure frequency of [1-11 per year (AOR = 2.34, 95% = 1.41, 4.36), ≥ 12/year (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = 3.43, 6.40)], and polytherapy (AOR = 2.73, 95%CI = 2.52, 7.14) were independent predictors of depression among epileptic patients at p-value < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation: Overall, the prevalence of depression was found to be high. Having lower educational status, early onset of illness, poor social support, high perceived stress, high seizure frequency, and polytherapy were factors statistically associated with depression. Clinicians need to give emphasis to epileptic patients with high perceived stress, low educational status, and poor social support. An early depression-focused regular screening for epileptic patient should be carried out by trained health professionals. Linkage with mental health service providers also needs to be considered.