Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness Therapy on Forgiveness and Perceived Fairness in Couples Facing Marital Discord

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Therapy (MBT) on interpersonal forgiveness and perceived fairness among couples experiencing marital discord. Interpersonal forgiveness is vital for re-establishing intimacy and emotional connection, while perceived fairness plays a crucial role in marital satisfaction and relationship stability. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, control group, and a two-month follow-up. A total of 45 participants (15 couples) were selected through convenience sampling from a psychiatric clinic in Tehran in 2022. They were randomly assigned to three groups: CBT, MBT, and control (15 participants each). The intervention consisted of eight weekly 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Forgiveness Questionnaire (Ehteshami-Zadeh et al., 2009) and the Perceived Fairness Questionnaire (Perry, 2004). Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, were conducted using SPSS v26. Findings: Significant improvements in interpersonal forgiveness and perceived fairness were observed in both experimental groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although CBT and MBT were equally effective in enhancing forgiveness, MBT demonstrated greater effectiveness in improving perceived fairness (p < 0.01). These improvements were sustained at follow-up. Conclusion: Both CBT and MBT are effective in improving forgiveness and fairness among couples facing marital challenges. However, MBT’s emphasis on non-judgmental awareness and emotional regulation may make it more suitable for addressing issues related to fairness. Integrating mindfulness techniques into marital counseling can enhance relationship dynamics and overall well-being.