Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Isoquinoline Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The core structure is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound i.e. Isoquinoline. Both the structures of Isoquinoline and quinoline contain a fused ring structure of benzene and pyridine. Isoquinoline, the pyridine counterpart, has a pKb of 8.6 and a pKa of 5.14, making it a weak basic. When it comes into contact with Lewis acids, such BF3, it protonates and becomes a salt. This process produces adducts. The liquid form of Isoquinoline is colorless, hygroscopic, and it has an unpleasant smell. Isoquinoline derivatives are a very significant group of natural and synthetic compounds which show various Pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-fungal, anti-viral, antispasmodic and an enzyme inhibitor. Morphine and codeine are the most extensively characterized Isoquinoline alkaloids. They are made from either tyrosine or phenylalanine. Some of the Isoquinoline nucleus-containing drugs available in the market were Nelfinavir, Apomorphine, Quinapril, Praziquantel, Solifenacin, Papaverine, Metocurine, Tubocurarine. Isoquinoline alkaloids with anticancer properties may be therapeutically to target specific binding to nucleic acids, modulating polynucleic acid stability. These binds change the way that duplex B-form DNA interacts with proteins involved in DNA replication, repair, or transcription.