Single-Bundle Versus Double-Bundle Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of Long-Term Functional Outcomes

Abstract

Objective To compare long-term functional results of ACL reconstruction with a single bundle (SB) and double bundle (DB). Methods Sixty patients who underwent ACL reconstructions from January 2007 to December 2008 were retrospectively evaluated (30 SB and 30 DB ACL reconstructions). Clinical and functional outcomes were measured pre- and postoperatively in terms of anterior drawer test, Lachman's test, pivot shift test, KT1000 side-to-side difference, range of motion, International Knee Documentation Committee Scoring, Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKS), and Tegner activity level scale. The period of follow-up was 10 years. Results Clinical outcome measured showed that anterior drawer test result were equally normal for both groups (93.3%; p > 0.995); however, the Lachman test was 76.7% in the DB group and 56.7% in the SB group (p > 0.100), the pivot shift was 83% in the DB group and 50% in the SB group (p < 0.001), and KT1000 was 76.7% in the DB group and 56.7% in the SB group (p > 0.100). Regarding the functional outcome, it favored the DB group of patients, with the LKS being statistically significant (p < 0.007) and the Tegner activity level scale p-value being <0.001 Conclusions DB ACL reconstruction produces better rotational stability and gives superior functional outcome in terms of return to pre-injury activity level in comparison to SB reconstruction. DB ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft produces better functional results at 10 years follow-up.