Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Efficiently Recognizing and Treating a Life-Threatening Condition

Abstract

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) can develop as a result of both infectious and noninfectious conditions. Infections in the middle part of the face caused by Staphylococcus aureus are the most common cause of septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Paranasal (typically sphenoid) sinusitis, dental abscess, and, less commonly, otitis media are other antecedent sources of infection. Fever is almost always present, but a headache may not be noticeable. In almost all cases, periorbital edema, chemosis, proptosis, and a restriction of extraocular movements (particularly lateral gazing) emerge. Within two days of the development of unilateral symptoms, involvement of the opposite eye is common. Although CT can be useful, MRI is likely to be the preferred diagnostic method. Antibiotics and occasionally surgical drainage of the infection's primary focus are used to treat it. Complete recovery is about 50% while the death rate is around 30%.