Malnutrition and structural poverty. Comparison of two schoolchildren cohorts from Puerto Madryn, Argentina

Abstract

Objective To assess nutritional condition in two cohorts (C) of children from households with different Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) attending neighborhood schools in Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Methods A cross-sectional study on six to 11 year-old children attending seven neighborhood schools surveyed in the periods 2001-2006 (C1, n=2 040) and 2014-2016 (C2, n=1 696) was performed. Weight, height and body mass index were measured using the World Health Organization cut-off values for nutritional condition. Neighborhood structural poverty was determined with percent UBN from the 2001 and 2010 census. Chi2 was used to compare the prevalence of nutritional condition between C and UBN categories. Results In the seven neighborhoods analyzed, percent UBN was 0%-10% (n=3), 10%-25% (n=2) and 25%-50% (n=1), without changes in the period 2001-2010. In the remaining neighborhood, UBN increased from 25%-50% to >50%. The nutritional evaluation of children showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity in most schools, while low height-for-age and overweight prevalence was significant only in one school. Comparison of C1 and C2 only showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions Structural poverty rates in Puerto Madryn neighborhoods were mostly unchanged; however, the nutritional condition of children was different: while the prevalence of chronic malnutrition did not change or decreased, the prevalence of obesity increased in all neighborhoods. Our findings could help to determine changes in the context of resident population and identify vulnerable groups.