Innovative Automation in Injera Production: Design and Performance of a Relay-Based Control System

Abstract

Tis study presents an innovative approach for automating the traditional injera production process, a staple food in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa. Existing semiautomatic and manual methods sufer from inefciencies, inconsistent product quality, and signifcant health risks owing to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and smoke. Tese limitations necessitate the development of more efective solutions. Te proposed method involves the design and implementation of a fully automated injera-making machine that integrates a relay-based control system, microcontroller-driven temperature regulation, and automated dough-handling mechanisms. Tis novel design ensures consistent baking conditions, minimizes manual intervention, and enhances baker safety. Te experimental results demonstrate that the machine can produce 20 injera per hour, refecting a 33.33% increase in efciency compared to traditional methods. In addition, the system reduces the energy consumption through precise temperature control to address sustainability concerns. Tis research ofers a comprehensive solution to the challenges of traditional injera production, signifcantly improving both the production process and well-being of those involved. Future work will focus on optimizing the design for mass production and exploring alternative energy sources to enhance sustainability further.