Recent Proportionate Treatment Methods for Crude Oil Contamination Evaluation of the Tehran Refinery Site Soil

Abstract

soil texture, remediated compounds, cost, and timing. Results: The soil was largely composed of silt and clay (silt:41 - 42%, clay: 40 - 43%, sand: 15 - 18%). The average moisture content of the saturated soil was 12.96%,; average electricity conductivity was 18.64 DSm -1 ; average pH of the paste was 8.36; and average percentage of organic carbon was 0.19%. Result of the laboratory analysis reported the average content of total nitrogen as 0.026%, phosphorus as 14.3 mg/kg -1 and potassium content as 3.4 mg/kg -1 . Content of the crude oil derivatives was less than 0.5 %. Conclusions: An efficient method for treating the current low level soil contamination around the Tehran Refinery site is phytoremediation, a cost effective method that helps to create beautiful landscapes around the refinery site. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) should be used in large PAH levels (higher than the current rate). Soil washing is the most time-effective method, which is suitable for cases of emergency soil contamination with petroleum.