The red blood cell distribution width–albumin ratio was a potential prognostic biomarker for diabetic ketoacidosis

Abstract

Background: The red blood cell distribution width (RDW)–albumin ratio (RA) is a new biomarker, which is d-efined as RDW divided by albumin. This study aimed at determining the prognostic values of RA for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods: Data were obtained from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database III V1.4 (MIMIC-III) and the RA calculated. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between RA and 90-day mortality or 365-day mortality. To further investigate the association with RA and mortality, the patients were divided into two groups. The second outcome was the association between the incidence of DKA-related infections and RA. Results: For DKA patients in the ICU, RA was significantly correlated with 90-day mortality (HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.0, p < 0.001) and 365-day mortality (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.5, p < 0.001). A high RA was independently correlated with increased 90-day mortality (HR: 7.8, 95% CI: 1.8, 34.0, p for trend <0.001) and 365-day mortality (HR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4, 11.3, p for trend <0.001). Moreover, RA was found to be an independent predictor for sepsis and septic shock in patients with DKA (HR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.1, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the statistical outcome was the same. Conclusion: A high RA is significantly correlated with increased all-cause mortality of DKA as well as an increased incidence of DKA-related infections. RA is a potential prognostic marker for DKA.