Sizing of Energy Storage with Network Constraints Economic Dispatch of Fuel Cell Micro Turbine and Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

Micro-Grid is the appropriate solution to various problems in the power system. Different types of energy sources, likewise Fuel cell (FC), Micro-Turbine (MT) and renewable energy sources can be integrated with micro-grids (MG). The battery energy storage has played a crucial role to support the power mismatch of on-grid or off-grid MG. Therefore the optimal size of battery energy storage along with the optimal cost-based calculation has become an essential part for the micro-grid operator. The piecewise linear cost method is used for the cost based analysis. The main contribution of this paper is: (i) the optimal size of battery energy storage has been determined with a Fuel cell (FC) and Micro-Turbine (MT) based distribution generation (DG). (ii) The impact of battery storage with DG and renewable energy sources (RES) has been considered. (iii) The total benefit and market benefit has been maximised. (iv) The unit-commitment cost of FC and MT with spinning reserve, piecewise linear cost function, ramp rate, minimum up and downtime constraints has been considered for the sizing of battery storage. (v) The network constrained has been found to obtain minimum daily energy loss for the optimal size of battery storage. (vi) The state of charge (SOC) of battery, the power output of DG’s and RES, power loss, battery cost per day, operating cost of generation, etc. have been determined. The optimal sizing of battery energy storage determination is helpful for the both Microgrid operators as well as designers. The IEEE-33 bus test system with ZIP load has been carried out for analysis and result validation. The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to solve the deterministic optimisation problem.