Innovation of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: the Design and Applications in the Cardiovascular Disease Management

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a prominent cause of global mortality, posing considerable challenges for traditional therapies due to their limited bioavailability and notable side effects. Similarly, imaging diagnostic modalities have inherent limitations. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising tools for precise diagnosis and treatment of CVDs, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility, modifiability, and compatibility with payloads, showcasing extensive potential for diverse applications. LNPs excel in encapsulating diverse drug compounds, protecting against drug degradation, and enabling targeted drug delivery at lesion sites. Moreover, in conjunction with multimodal imaging techniques, LNPs enhance the accuracy of diagnosing and treating CVDs. Nevertheless, this field lacks comprehensive and up-to-date reviews. Therefore, this review delineates the foundational principles governing nano-strategies employing LNP systems for addressing CVDs. It explores recent advancements in utilizing these strategies for diagnosing and treating different cardiovascular conditions while also pointing out their limitations. This review aims to provide insights for future research endeavors.