Impact of Self-Care Practices on the Prognosis of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Introduction: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a type of diabetes with increasing prevalence in lower-and middle-income countries. Diabetes self-care practices (SCPs) are non-pharmacological treatments essential in maintaining health and well-being and improving the quality of life among DM patients. Objective: To highlight the diabetes SCPs and their impact on diabetes prognosis in developing countries. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on Africa Journals Online, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, from year 2000 to 2023, using relevant keywords. Results: The review highlighted the self-care practices for adequate DM care, including physical activity, diet (healthy eating), self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, foot care, general body care, and follow-up. The review documented from previous studies that adequate SCPs positively correlated with good glycaemic control, reduction of complications, and improved quality of life among DM patients. Conclusion: Healthcare systems and policy-makers in developing countries must prioritise and support the integration of SCPs into diabetes management strategies. This will improve DM prognosis and overall well-being for individuals living with diabetes.