Effects of Gender Transition on the Mental Health Perception of Transgender People in Chile

Abstract

Gender transition is a significant identity milestone in the lives of trans people and serves as a protective factor for their mental health. However, its impact has been insufficiently explored in research on the mental health of this population. Furthermore, the effects of other factors identified by the Minority Stress Model have been evaluated separately, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Hypothesis: Indicators associated with gender transition will have a positive effect on the mental health of trans people. The effect of the duration of the transition on mental health will vary according to the level of internalized transphobia. Aim: To examine the impact of the gender transition process on the perception of mental health among Chilean trans people. Methods: A total of 377 participants were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used, including measures related to the transition process, internalized transphobia, experiences of discrimination, connection with the trans community, and perception of mental health. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: The indicators examined showed a significant correlation with the perception of mental health. When evaluating their contribution in the presence of other variables, the unique contribution of some variables was not significant. Satisfaction with the transition process was associated with a better perception of mental health. Among participants who scored high in internalized transphobia and had been in the transition process for a short time, the perception of mental health was lower. Experiencing discrimination was associated with a worse perception of mental health. People assigned male at birth had a better perception of mental health than those assigned female. Conclusions: The gender transition process, together with indicators of the Minority Stress Model, uniquely impacts the mental health of trans people in Chile. Uderstanding its unique contribution enables healthcare providers to adopt culturally sensitive care tailored to the specific needs of this population.