Perbahasan ‘Ulūm Al-Ḥadīth dalam Uṣūl Al-Fiqh Mazhab Syafii

Abstract

During its early years, the discipline of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith gradually emerged into existence until it reached maturity in the seventh century with the appearance of the famous work by Imam Ibn al-Salah (deceased in 643H) entitled Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah. In the history of the development of ‘‘Ulum al-Ḥadith, scholars of diverse educational backdrops and fiqh denominations have arranged various works of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith. Nonetheless, the debates of ‘‘Ulum al-Ḥadith are not restricted within the works of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith alone but also appear in the works of Usul al-Fiqh. The existence of the discussions within the works of Usul al-Fiqh should not be perceived in separation with the discipline of ‘‘Ulum al-Ḥadith generally. Nevertheless, these works of Usul al-Fiqh were generally constructed solely within the framework of a fiqh denomination. Hence, there are innumerable works of Usul al-Fiqh within the framework of numerous grand fiqh denominations. Despite this, the sole focus of this article is on the works of Usul al-Fiqh of one fiqh denomination namely Syafii denomination. This document-analysis based qualitative research reviewed such enquiries through studying the debates of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith within the discipline of Usul al-Fiqh of the Syafii denomination. The researcher found that the debates of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith within the discipline of Usul al-Fiqh of a fiqh denomination should receive sensible attention and consideration into the discipline of ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith generally based on the factor that both have integrated objectives. ABSTRAK Disiplin ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith pada peringkat awal muncul secara berperingkat-peringkat sehinggalah ia mencapai tahap matang pada kurun ke tujuh hijrah, iaitu dengan munculnya karya Imam Ibn al-Salah (w. 643 H) yang masyhur dengan judul Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah. Dalam sejarah perkembangan disiplin ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith, terdapat pelbagai karya ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith yang telah disusun oleh ulama yang terdiri daripada pelbagai latar belakang pendidikan dan mazhab fiqah. Bagaimanapun, perbahasan Ulum al-Ḥadith bukan sahaja terdapat di dalam karya-karya ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith, malah ia turut terdapat di dalam karya-karya Usul al-Fiqh. Keberadaan perbahasan ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith dalam karya-karya Usul al-Fiqh ini tidak seharusnya dipandang secara berasingan daripada disiplin ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith dari aspek umum. Namun begitu, karya-karya Usul al-Fiqh ini umumnya dibina dalam kerangka sesebuah mazhab fiqah sahaja. Justeru, muncullah pelbagai karya Usul al-Fiqh dalam kerangka berbagai mazhab fiqah. Bagaimanapun khusus di dalam artikel ini, penumpuan akan diberi terhadap karya-karya Usul al-Fiqh salah sebuah mazhab fiqah sahaja, iaitu mazhab Syafii. Kajian kualitatif berdasarkan analisis dokumen ini meninjau mengenai persoalan tersebut melalui tinjauan terhadap perbahasan ‘Ulum al-Ḥadith dalam disiplin Usul al-Fiqh mazhab Syafii. Penulis mendapati perbahasan Ulum al-Ḥadith dalam disiplin Usul al-Fiqh sesuatu mazhab fiqah wajar diberi perhatian dan diambil kira dalam disiplin Ulum al-Ḥadith dari aspek umum di atas faktor kedua-duanya memiliki objektif yang bersepadu.