Transparent oxyfluoride nano-glass ceramics doped with Pr3+ and Pr3+-Yb3+ for NIR emission

Abstract

Pr3+–Yb3+ co-doped oxyfluoride glasses and glass-ceramics (GCs) containing LaF3 nanocrystals have been prepared to obtain NIR emission of Yb3+ ions upon Pr3+ excitation in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Two different compositions have been tested: 0.1–0.5 Pr–Yb and 0.5–1 Pr–Yb, in addition to Pr3+ singly doped samples. The crystallization mechanism of the nano-GCs was studied by differential thermal analysis revealing that it occurs from a constant number of nuclei, the crystal growth being limited by diffusion. High-resolution transmission microscopy demonstrated that phase separation acts as precursor for LaF3 crystallization and a detailed analysis of the chemical composition (EDXS) revealed the enrichment in RE3+ ions inside the initial phase separated droplets, from which the LaF3 crystals are formed. The RE3+ ions incorporation inside LaF3 crystals was also proved by photoluminescence measurements showing Stark splitting of the RE3+ ions energy levels in the glass-ceramic samples. Lifetime measurements showed the existence of a better energy transfer process between Pr3+ and Yb3+ ions in the GCs compared to the as made glass. The highest value of energy transfer efficiency is 59% and the highest theoretical quantum efficiency is 159%, obtained for GCs 0.1–0.5 Pr–Yb treated at 620°C for 40 h.