Abuse, outpatient charges and utilization, and psychiatric symptoms among urban women on medicaid

Abstract

Background: Adult and childhood sexual and physical abuse are common and intertwined. Our objectives were to assess (1) the relationship between different forms of abuse; (2) outpatient charges and hospital and emergency department use among women with and without childhood and adult abuse; (3) psychiatric symptoms of women with and without childhood and adult abuse; and (4) the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and outpatient charges and hospital and emergency department use among a group of Medicaid-insured women seeking outpatient services in a primary care setting. Methods: We recruited female primary care patients for this cross-sectional study. Women reported childhood and adult sexual and physical abuse and anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. We assessed outpatient charges through reviews of clinic records. Patients reported hospital and emergency department use. Results: Childhood and adult sexual and physical abuse were highly interrelated. Adult sexual abuse showed a trend toward significantly greater outpatient charges. Women who had experienced physical abuse during childhood had more emergency department visits and women who experienced physical abuse as an adult had more days of hospitalization. Childhood and adult sexual abuse were both related to higher levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were related to higher outpatient charges. Depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms were related to greater emergency department use. Conclusions: Women who experience abuse often have psychiatric symptoms. In our sample it was the severity of psychiatric symptoms rather than reported abuse alone that was related to outpatient charges and emergency department visits.