Relationship between maternal body composition changes and heavy for date infants in pregnant women with diabetes

Abstract

Aims/Introduction: Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with heavy for date (HFD) infants. Considering the association between body composition and hyperglycemia, we investigated the changes in maternal body composition and their relationship with HFD infants in pregnant women with diabetes. Materials and Methods: Body composition was measured during pregnancy using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system. This retrospective study included 151 pregnant women; 27 women had type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), 21 had type 2 DM, 101 were diagnosed with gestational DM, and 2 had overt DM. The number of HFD infants was 40. Results: In the non-type 1 DM group, change in fat mass (ΔFM) (P < 0.01) and pre-pregnancy BMI (P < 0.05) were risk factors for HFD. In the insulin group, ΔFM, pre-pregnancy BMI, and age (all P < 0.05) were risk factors for HFD. The area under the curve was 0.813 for the predictive model combined with ΔFM and pre-pregnancy BMI in the non-type 1 DM group and 0.818 for the model combined with ΔFM, pre-pregnancy BMI, and age in the insulin group. Conclusions: The combination of body composition parameters and clinical data may predict HFD in pregnant women with diabetes.