The human TAZ gene complements mitochondrial dysfunction in the yeast taz1Δ mutant: Implications for Barth syndrome

Abstract

Barth syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations in the TAZ gene G4.5. The yeast gene TAZ1 is highly homologous to human TAZ, and the tez1Δ mutant has phospholipid defects similar to those observed in Barth syndrome cells, including aberrant cardiolipin species and decreased cardiolipin levels. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that Taz1p is localized exclusively in mitochondria, which supports the theory that tafazzins are involved in cardiolipin remodeling. Because cardiolipin plays an important role in respiratory Function, we measured the energy transformation and osmotic properties of isolated mitochondria from the taz1Δ mutant. Energy coupling in taz1Δ mitochondria was dependent on the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, as coupling was diminished when NADH was used as a respiratory substrate but was unaffected when ethanol was the substrate. Membrane stability was compromised in taz1Δ mitochondria exposed to increased temperature and hypotonic conditions. Mitochondria from taz1Δ also displayed decreased swelling in response to ATP, which induces the yeast mitochondrial unspecific channel, and to alamethicin, a membrane-disrupting agent. Coupling was measured in taz1Δ cells containing different splice variants of the human TAZ gene. Only the variant that restores wild type cardiolipin synthesis (lacking exon 5) restored coupling in hypotonie conditions and at elevated temperature. These findings may shed light on the mitochondrial deficiencies observed in Barth syndrome.