3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid-capped caf2:Tb3+ nanocrystals as luminescent probes for the wo42- ion in aqueous solution

Abstract

We report a facile and effective luminescence method for the determination of the WO42- ion in aqueous medium at initial pH = 6.3. This is achieved using 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid-capped CaF2:Tb3+ (5%) nanocrystals (NCs) as a luminescent probe. This is accomplished based on the energy transfer luminescence from the WO42- ion to the Tb3+ ion in small-size CaF2:Tb3+ NCs. Hydroxyl groups on the surface ligand helps in binding the tungstate ion to the surface of the NCs. With the gradual addition of the WO42- ion, the intensity of the Tb3+ excitation and emission spectra significantly increased. The linear range of the detection was from 1 to 10 μM for the WO42- ion (R2 = 0.99). The calculated detection limit was 0.4 μM (by applying the 3σ/K criterion).