Synthesis and characterization of new ferrite-lignin hybrids

Abstract

The paper presents the synthesis and characterization of new cobalt ferrite-lignin hybrids. The hybrids were obtained through the combustion of cobalt nitrate and ferric nitrate, two kinds of lignin being used as combustion agents. The temperatures of calcination were 500 °C and 900 °C, respectively. The hybrids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic properties were also assessed by vibrating sample magnetometer system (VSM). This facile synthesis method made it possible to obtain cobalt ferrite-lignin hybrids with a spinel structure. Their particle sizes and crystallite sizes have increased with an increment in the calcination temperature. A different occupancy of cations at octahedral and tetrahedral sites also occurred upon the increase in temperature. The hybrids comprising organic lignin presented the best magnetic properties.