Preliminary Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Activity of P. canescens Jack Extract as Functional Food for Antidiabetic Candidate

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome disease characterized by a hyperglycemic state due to the pancreas' inability or not being able to produce enough insulin. Plants are an antidiabetic alternative by utilizing both extracts and functional foods formulated. Peronema canescens Jack known as a medicinal plant, with its potential to be developed as an alternative to hypoglycemic functional drinks is Peronema canescens Jack. This study aims to develop a functional tea antioxidant rich from Peronema canescens leaves extract as a healthy drink for diabetes. The characterization of bioactive compounds used the DPPH method and Alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Tea was formulated by adding four different extract concentrations, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, then determined tea's organoleptic and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the IC50 value of the antioxidant activity of P. canescens leaves extract in n-hexane and ethyl acetate was inactive, 1023.556 and 884.854 ppm respectively while IC50 value was 291.588 ppm for ethanol solvent. Somehow, the inhibitory activity test showed that the 10ppm ethanol extract had 0.079% % inhibition belongs to weak, while the acarbose control was 95%. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of P. canescens leaves inhibits the α-glucosidase enzyme, IC50 20ppm. The antidiabetic activity was then verified by measured on the blood sugar levels of mice. The test results showed that the highest decrease in blood sugar levels was at PE4 (extract 800mg/kg BW). Our finding in this research is that in functional drinks, the highest decrease in blood sugar levels was at TF2 (10% extract).