The effect of diet supplement on Oreochromis niloticus (L.) morphometrics in environments contaminated with Cadmium

Abstract

The use of probiotic supplements from a consortium of microorganisms is a new alternative approach to improve and utilize the bioremediation of heavy metals. Some of the mechanisms of protection against heavy metal resistance by microorganisms include extracellular barriers, active transport of metal ions (efflux), and reduction of heavy metal ions. A study of the benefits of dietary supplements on morphometry of tilapia exposed to heavy metal cadmium has been carried out. This study wants to analyze the potential of Vitamin C, probiotic (lactic acid bacterial consortium, LAB), and the combination of both to changes in the morphometric character of fish due to exposure to heavy metals cadmium. Thirty-six samples were examined for morphometric characteristics based on variations in treatment, namely variations in Cd concentrations (0, 0.3, and 0.6 ppm) and variations in the supplementary feed. The results of the study showed that there were many changes in fish morphometry. Significant cadmium exposure reduced bodyweight and morphometric size (total length, standard length, operculum length, chest fins to dorsal fins, and fishtail height). The administration of dietary supplements increased the growth of the fish body weight and other morphometry exposed to cadmium. Probiotic supplementation from the LAB consortium showed the best performance in increasing the fish morphometry, followed by Vitamin C supplementation and a combination of both. This study gave valuable information for broodstock farmers or hatcheries that use water sources from rivers or reservoirs that are contaminated with heavy metals.