Metabolic syndrome and functional fitness abilities

Abstract

Background: It has been pointed out that moderate to vigorous exercise improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria; however, studies on functional fitness in subjects with MetS are scarce. Aim: This study aimed to assess functional fitness abilities in MetS and non‐MetS subjects. Methods: Cross‐sectional study. Participants living in the Balearic Islands (n = 477, 52% men, 55–80 years old) with MetS (n = 333) and without MetS (n = 144). Anthropometric, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were measured, and blood samples were collected. Functional fitness tests included: one leg balance, standing and sitting handgrip, 30‐s chair stand, arm curl, chair sit‐and‐reach, back scratch, 8‐foot time up‐and‐go, 30‐m walk, and 6‐min walk tests. A Functional Fitness Score was created from tests that measured agility and dynamic balance, static balance, lower‐and‐upper body strength, lower‐and‐upper body flexibility, aerobic endurance, and speed. Results: All functional fitness tests were lower in MetS subjects, except for back scratch and standing handgrip test. After adjusting for possible confounders (sex, age, civil status, education level, leisure‐time physical activity) MetS subjects were more likely to be below average for a sex and age specific cut‐off value of one leg balance (Odds Ratio, OR: 2.37; 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.25– 4.48), chair stand (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.26–3.20), arm curl (OR: 3.43; 95% CI:1.90–6.26), back scratch (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.31–5.91), 8‐foot up‐‐go (OR: 13.03; 95% CI: 6.66–25.55), 30‐m walk (OR: 8.10; 95% CI: 4.33–15.57) and 6‐min walk test (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.76–6.52), whereas they were more likely to be above average for sitting handgrip test (OR:1.69; 95% CI:1.21–2.95). Functional Fitness Score was lower in MetS subjects (5.44 ± 2.40 vs. 7.04 ± 1.72, p < 0.001), independently of sex and age. Conclusion: MetS participants showed lower functional fitness abilities and lower Functional Fitness Score than non‐MetS peers, independently of sex, age, body mass index and waist circumference, showing lower ability to perform everyday activities safely and independently.