Temperature and Spectral Effects on Perovskite Solar Cells: A SCAPS-1D Simulation Study

Abstract

This study indicates that SCAPS-1D software simulated perovskite solar cells to monitor their temperature and light wavelength reactions under monochromatic light at 400 nm, 450 nm, and 500 nm. The short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF %), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were assessed across a temperature range of 290K to 340K. At 290K, the peak PCE values attained were 25.15% at 450 nm, 24.71% at 500 nm, and 22.30% at 400 nm; however, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) diminished by almost 20% on average across all wavelengths when the temperature rose to 340K. Longer wavelengths, particularly at 450 nm and 500 nm, enhanced performance marginally—by approximately 2–3% in power conversion efficiency—relative to 400nm, owing to greater light penetration and less surface recombination. Nonetheless, elevated temperatures markedly diminished Voc, FF %, and PCE, chiefly due to heightened recombination and reverse saturation current. At 300K, the fill factor (FF %) reached a maximum of 85.3% for 450 nm, 85.3% for 500 nm, and 85.0% for 400 nm, thereafter decreasing to approximately 84.0–84.5%. The results validate that heat degradation and spectrum response are critical determinants influencing the performance of perovskite solar cells. This study underscores the necessity of enhancing thermal stability and spectrum absorption to get high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells.