Comparative finite element analysis of teak, mahogany, and pine wood for ergonomic student chair design

Abstract

In many educational institutions, student chairs often fail to meet ergonomic standards, leading to discomfort, poor posture, and reduced concentration during learning activities. Additionally, the use of non-local materials and non-validated designs increases production costs and reduces long-term durability. Addressing these issues requires a design approach that combines anthropometric data with structural analysis to ensure both comfort and safety. This study presents the ergonomic design and structural analysis of a student chair made from solid wood using finite element analysis (FEA). Anthropometric data from students at the Politeknik Industri Furnitur dan Pengolahan Kayu Kendal were used to determine optimal chair dimensions that enhance comfort and maintain correct posture. Three wood species (teak, mahogany, and pine) were evaluated under static loads of 2000 N on the seat and 800 N on the backrest. The analysis showed that all materials remained below their yield strength limits. Teak exhibited the highest safety factor (2.75), while pine demonstrated minimal deformation (1.24 mm) and balanced mechanical performance, making it a cost-effective alternative. This study contributes to the advancement of ergonomic wooden furniture design by integrating anthropometric principles with structural validation through FEA, providing a valuable reference for educational furniture manufacturing.