The Relationship Between Equipment Hygiene and Sanitation and the Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Refill Drinking Water Depots in North Banjarmasin District

Abstract

This study examines how equipment hygiene, sanitation, and drinking water bacteriology affect Refill Drinking Water Depots (DAMIUs) in North Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Cross-sectional, observational analytic methods were used to evaluate 25 DAMIUs selected among 121 utilizing operational criteria. Interviews, direct observation, and Total Coliform and E. coli microbiological tests were used to collect data. A total of 92% of DAMIUs met equipment hygiene and sanitation standards, and 84% had satisfactory bacteriological quality. A statistical investigation revealed a substantial correlation between equipment cleanliness and water quality in terms of microorganisms (p = 0.020, α = 0.05). In addition, 91.3% of DAMIUs that met hygiene standards provided bacteriologically acceptable water. However, Total Coliform and E. coli were found in 16% of samples, highlighting the ongoing water quality issues. The results demonstrate the relevance of equipment maintenance in ensuring drinking water safety and the performance of multiple barrier water treatment systems. The research also recommended constant monitoring, water safety precautions, and DAMIU operator training. This study helps us understand how small-scale supply networks affect drinking water safety. It also feeds future research and policymaking to promote public health by improving water quality management in DAMIUs in Indonesia and elsewhere.