Mikrobiyal Yakıt Hücrelerinde Kullanılan Saf Kültür Mikroorganizmaları ve Genel Özellikleri

Abstract

Biomass energy is a renewable energy that running an unavoidable task in meeting today's ever increasing energy demands. Unlike biofuels, microbial fuel cells convert energy harvested at organic materials directly into bioelectricity. Microbial fuel cells (MFC’s) are development-oriented as well-rounded a renewable energy technology. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an environmentally friendly technology used for electrical energy generation from a variety of organic materials (substrates). Microbial fuel cells have acquired considerable interest as an alternative energy conversion system for direct electrical energy generating. Microbial fuel cells can utilize low‐grade organic carbons as the fuel source in the waste environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have apparent benefits in that it can as fuel source utilize low‐grade biomass or even wastewater. The basis of electricity generation in microbial fuel cells is the catalysed of organic materials by microorganisms. In a microbial fuel cell, organic materials (substrates) are electron donors. Microbial fuel cells use microorganisms as biocatalysts to oxidize organic materials (substrate). Electrons released by anodic biofilm bacteria after oxidation (biocatalysis) works of the organic materials are first transferred to the anode electrode under anoxic condition. The bacteria that make these processes are called electrogen. Anode electrode is used by the electrogenic biofilm bacteria as the electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. So, an electron transfer process takes place between the anode and the microorganism. Electron transfer among microorganism and electrodes occurs on two mechanisms, namely direct electron transfer and indirect (mediated) electron transfer. In this article, electron transfer mechanism from electrogenic microorganisms to anode electrode is discussed in detail. The use of pure microorganism cultures in microbial fuel cells has been told. Suggestions have been made for the future status of electrogenic microorganisms in microbial fuel cells. According to these results of this article, reconnaissance of electrogenic microorganisms with high electrochemical activities would probably be an extraordinary status for promoting the development of microbial fuel cells for very presumably future practical system works.