Expert Consensus on Educational Concepts according to Hamka and its Alignment with Practices in Malaysia

Abstract

Education is crucial in shaping human character and behavior. Many scholars, including Hamka, a renowned scholar in Indonesia, have educational views. This article aims to identify elements in the concept of education according to Hamka, to identify the position of elements in the domain of educational concepts based on Hamka's view, and to elucidate educational practices in Malaysia through the lens of Hamka's educational concepts. This study that employs the fuzzy Delphi method has gained approval from  22 experts in the field of education, in both public and private sectors including university lecturers. Data analysis results showed that the experts accepted all these elements through the expert consensus value above 75%, the threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2, and the fuzzy score (A) ≥ α - cut value = 0.5.  This study has significant implications for educators and students, drawing upon Malaysia's educational system to drive educational transformation by incorporating Hamka's educational principles.