Responses to Airborne Ozone and Soilborne Metal Pollution in Afforestation Plants with Different Life Forms

Abstract

Highlights: What are the main findings? Ozone and metal stress caused injuries that were partly similar but differed in their tissue and cell location irrespective of the species. Combined ozone and metal stress showed few interactions. What is the implication of the main finding? The conifer efficiently blocked the metals in its roots and was more tolerant of ozone stress, resulting in a biomass reduction rating in response to ozone and metal stress: conifer < ruderal forb