Invited review: Structural-functional synergies of lactoferrin-bioactive compound complexes—Multidisciplinary applications

Abstract

This review article presents an overview of the structure-function characteristics and extensive applications of complexes formed between lactoferrin (Lf) and various bioactive compounds. Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein predominantly found in colostrum, possesses iron-binding capacity and exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antitumor effects. Through complexation with proteins, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and other bioactive substances, the structural and functional properties of Lf are significantly improved, enhancing its potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors. This article first introduces the basic properties, structure, and biological functions of Lf. Subsequently, it elaborates on the factors influencing the complexation reaction of Lf and the structure-function changes after its complexation with different bioactive compounds. Finally, it summarizes the applications of Lf-bioactive compound complexes in dairy products, virus inhibition, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture, and forecasts their future development directions.