Comparative study of anxiety and depression following maxillofacial and orthopedic injuries. Study from a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

This study hopes to compare levels of anxiety and depression in the maxillofacial and orthopedic injured patients over a period of 12 weeks. This was a prospective, repeated measure design. A total of 160 participants (80 with maxillofacial and 80 with long bone fractures) had repeated review follow-ups within 1 week of arrival in the hospital (Time 1), 4–8 weeks after initial contact (Time 2) and 10–12 weeks thereafter (Time 3), using hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire. Road traffic accident remained the main cause of injury in both groups of subjects. The Hospital anxiety and Depression scale detected 42 (52.5%) cases of depression at baseline, 36 (47.4%) cases at Time 2, and 14 (18.4%) cases at Time 3 in the maxillofacial injured group. In the long bone fracture subjects, 47 (58.8%) cases were depressed at baseline, 23(33.3%) cases at Time 2, and only 5 (7.2%) cases at Time 3. Both groups showed reduction in depression levels with time. Fifty-six (70.0%) had anxiety at baseline, 32 (42.1%) at Time 2, and only 9 (11.8%) had anxiety at Time 3 in the maxillofacial fracture group, whereas in the long bone fracture group, 69 (86.3%) subjects were anxious at baseline, 32 (46.4%) at Time 2, and 22 (31.9%) at Time 3. There were significant differences in depression and anxiety level in both the maxillofacial and the long bone fracture subjects at baseline (Time 1), Time 2(4–8 weeks) and Time 3(10–12 weeks).