Hypoglycemic activities of chromatographic fractions of antidesma bunius fruit ethanolic extract on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic balb/c mice

Abstract

Treatment of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs are costly and has high possibilities of unwanted effects such as nausea and jitters. Thus, there is a need to develop a drug of cheaper cost without, if not lesser, side effects. In this study, the in vivo hypoglycemic effect of partially purified Antidesma bunius fruit ethanolic extract was tested. Ethanolic fruit extracts were partially purified using liquid chromatography, obtaining four fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4). These were administered orally (500 mg extract/kg body weight) to alloxan-induced diabetic female Balb/C mice to determine their hypoglycemic effects. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured 5 days after alloxan injection, and on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, and the 14th day after treatment administration. Fractions F2 and F3 exhibited the highest blood glucose lowering activity, compared to the crude ethanolic extract and positive control. Phytochemical screening of F2 and F3 revealed the presence of tannins and indoles. These results demonstrate the partially purified A. bunius extract as a potential herbal drug candidate in diabetes therapy.