Modern environmental technologies of healthy soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides

Abstract

Object of research: to systematize (taking into account the possible consequences to biosphere) the known technologies for ecological restoration of soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides. Only a healing technology should be recognized as one possible methodology for solving any soil problems. For soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides healing patterns is conceptually ordered into the following levels: mission, strategy, technology. The mission of healthy soil should be aimed at maintaining the chemical elements content within the optimum interval. The strategy of healthy soil involves the regulation of individual elements content in the soil. Ex-situ a soil healing technology is implemented outside the original pollution site. In-situ, a soil healing technology is carried out directly on the original pollution site. Excavation of the contaminated soil layer is the first stage for ex-situ soil restoration. In the future it will be possible: 1) storage of contaminated soil at special landfills, 2) treatment of contaminated soil at a special reactor. All technologies for in-situ healthy of heavy metals contaminated soils can be ordered as: 1) localization, 2) deconcentration, 3) inactivation, 4) extraction.