Osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada al empleo de bifosfonatos

Abstract

Bisphosphonates constitute a group of inhibitors of bone resorption that are used for treating many disor-ders such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, malignant hypercalcemia and bone metas-tases associated with breast and prostate cancer. The main pharmacological effect of bisphosphonates is the inhibition of bone resorption, mediated by a decreased function of osteoclasts without interfering in bone formation and mineralization. These drugs are used worldwide, with clear and clinically proven benefits. Several publications within the last three years consider osteonecrosis of the jaw to be associated with bisphosphonate therapy as a result of their extensive use. It is important for patients to be informed of the risk of this complication, so that they have the oppor-tunity to assess the need for dental treatment before starting therapy. Preventive measures must be taken before, during, and after treatment with bisphosphonates. Surgical treatment should be reserved for those patients who are symptomatic. Further investigation is needed to completely elucidate this complication. © 2007 ergon.