Hambre, desempleo y emigración. Las consecuencias sociales de la política agraria autárquica en andalucía oriental, 1939-1975

Abstract

For many agrarian districts in eastern Andalusia, the end of the Civil War of 1936-1939 brought a cruel repression that put a violent end to leftist political and union organizations. Equally, from 1939, the new Francoist authorities imposed a tough regulation of the labour market, as well as a severe salary freeze that allowed the recovery of business profits in agriculture. However, the disastrous Francoist agrarian policy of the autarchic period gave rise to stagnation in production and to extreme poverty among the rural population. The maintenance of a protected and traditional agriculture during the fifties and most of the sixties, together with the intensification of the peripheral and rural character of the economy of the eastern Andalusian provinces, had terrible consequences in all them. Among these consequences, the massive rural emigration of campesinos and jornaleros in the fifties and sixties was the most perceptible.