Ocean modeling and data assimilation

Abstract

Ocean modeling and assimilation have both become a mature field within oceanography. Ocean modeling is concerned with finding solutions to the equations of motion describing the movement of the ocean fluid and its properties as a function of time and geographic location. Applications range from process studies of the ocean on almost all space and timescales, but include also simulations required to improve the analyses of satellite data. In contrast, data assimilation is concerned with constraining ocean model solutions by observations to obtain a more realistic description of the time-varying ocean circulation and its interaction with the atmosphere or sea ice. In both cases, satellite data play a major role, for improving models through model-data comparison studies, through merging the data with models through the approach of data assimilation or through the use of observations as initial conditions. The future will see many more applications of all of those aspects. It can be envisioned that model resolution will be increased further, making results more realistic and applicable, especially near frontal structures in the ocean or ocean boundaries. Satellite data will continue to play a key role in the process of data assimilation and increased focus will be put on biological and biogeochemical applications, especially in coastal regions. Outlook: It can be envisioned that a combination of simulated (through numerical models) radiances with observed radiances will become a basic tool for merging and calibrating data from different satellite missions and to provide products of physical fields. While already substantially used in atmospheric applications, this approach is still in its infancy in satellite oceanography.