Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Signs of Pediatric Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Glands

Abstract

Aim and objective: To examine the clinical signs, radiographical features, and demographics of pediatric pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in the minor salivary glands. Materials and methods: Several databases were searched for relevant studies. The included studies were assessed for methodological quality. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected. Results: Sixteen of 3,121 articles met the inclusion criteria (17 lesions). The mean age was 9.7 ± 3.9 years and majority were females n = 10 (59%). It is commonly presented as asymptomatic swelling n = 16 (94.1%), in the hard palate 13 (76.5%). Radiographically, most were well-defined n = 15 (93.7%) and 8 (47%) caused erosion or displacement of surrounding tissues. Conclusion: The small size and asymptomatic nature of pediatric PA can render these lesions undiagnosed. On rare occurrences, PA can show calcifications, MRI, or CT enhancement. MRI is the best imaging modality to depict soft tissue content but not subtle erosion of adjacent bony structures. Clinical significance: The dentist can be the first to detect PA in the mouth of a child. Augmenting clinical examination with radiographic examination is paramount to ensure adequate diagnosis of PA, examine effects on surrounding bone, and maintain close follow-up as watchful waiting is not safe in this population.