A Comprehensive Review of AI-Powered Energy Systems

Abstract

The main goal of this review paper is to systematically investigate the vital role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enabling the design, operation, and optimization of next-generation energy systems, including smart grids, predictive maintenance, and decentralized frameworks. These energy systems are often enhanced through their tight integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. Such innovations provide substantial techno-economic and environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions, improving operational efficiency, and promoting greater energy equity. To support these objectives with a solid analytical foundation, the study employs a political, environmental, social, and technological framework to evaluate the most influential AI-driven applications and adoption drivers in the energy sector. Ultimately, the study highlights how ongoing interdisciplinary and cross-regional research efforts, especially between Asia and Europe, are accelerating the development, scalability, and real-world deployment of smart and sustainable energy solutions, while also identifying key technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges that must be addressed for large-scale implementation.