High-redshift test of gravity using enhanced growth of small structures probed by the neutral hydrogen distribution

Abstract

Future 21-cm intensity mapping surveys such as SKA can provide precise information on the spatial distribution of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in the postreionization epoch. This information will allow us to test the standard Λ cold dark matter paradigm and with that the nature of gravity. In this work, we employ the shybone simulations, which model galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravity using the IllustrisTNG model, to study the effects of modified gravity on HI abundance and power spectra. We find that the enhanced growth low-mass dark matter halos experience in f(R) gravity at high redshifts alters the HI power spectrum and can be observable through 21-cm intensity mapping. Our results suggest that the HI power spectrum is suppressed by ∼13% on scales k2h Mpc-1 at z=2 for F6, a f(R) model which passes most observational constraints. We show that this suppression can be detectable by SKA1-MID with 1000 hours of exposure time, making HI clustering a novel test of gravity at high redshift.