Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is crucial since human milk contains nutrients, living cells, and defensive factors which enable infants to have better immunity, physical and mental development. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Ethiopia using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data. Methods EDHS 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 1,066 mothers were included in the analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of EBF practice among mothers. The result presented using adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of EBF was 58% of infants under age 6 months. Mothers age 25–34 (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.31–2.32), child age 4–5 months (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.66–0.84), married marital status (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.50), mothers attained secondary education or higher (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.54–2.58), husband attained secondary education or higher (AOR = 1.70; 1.39–2.13), richer wealth index (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.18–0.69), accessed to the media (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.38–2.27), number of living children 3–4 (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.25–0.95), health facility (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.09–3.20), rural residence (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.49–0.89) and mothers living in Afar (AOR = 100.2; 95% CI 15.68–640.61), Somali (AOR = 52.65; 95% CI 8.48–326.77), SNNPR (AOR = 6.94; 95% CI 1.05–45.79), Harari (AOR = 61.94; 95% CI 9.75–393.44), Addis Ababa (AOR = 13.07; 95% CI 2.06–82.99), and Dire Dawa (AOR = 28.91; 95% CI 4.38–190.86) were associated with EBF practice. Conclusions The practice of exclusive breastfeeding remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, the stakeholders should be taken into consideration those determinant factors identified in this study in policies and programmes to increase EBF practice among mothers. Moreover, designing and implementing specific strategies to enhance the rate of exclusive breastfeeding practices through community-based education is recommended.