Sustainable ways of biogas production using low-cost materials in environment

Abstract

Biogas production is an anaerobic process involving various microbes such as methanogenic bacteria and Clostridium acteinum, Bacteriodes ruminicola, Lactobacillus spp, Streptococcus spp. Farmers of Indonesia are not interested in biogas production due to higher costs in establishing biogas plants. In our present research was focused on production of biogas and biofertilizers from biogas plants in separate studies. Our research forms a basis for production of biogas from low cost material available in environment. Important factors determining good quality biogas are: waste quality, digester design, temperature, system operation, presence of oxygen. In our present study, we have considered two factors as different wastes and design of biogas plants. Further, different kinds of wastes including plant wastes were used. Two designs of digester were used in the present study Raw materials used in our present study are chicken manure, chicken manure while from plants used straw (Oryza sativa), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) waste and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Materials for biogas plant were gallon water cylinder, plastic bag, plastic hose, water faucet, motorcycle tyre and glue. The biogas plant differed in being an anaerobic fermentation unit. One biogas plant using motor tires as a gas container of anaerobic fermentation process while others use plastic bags. Refinement of the other part is carried out during the study such as inlet and outlet holes where there were 4 points and to be 2 hole points. Reducing the hole on biogas plant can reduce the leakage of the resulting gas. The parameters measured are the length of the gas produced by the flame test, gas volume in 15 days and the fire color. The total volume of mixture is 12 liters, its contain of 6 liters' water and 6 liters the mixture manure and plant. Ratio of mixture between animal manure and plant are 6:0; 4:2; 3:3; 2:4; 0:6. The result show that the using of biogas plant with plastic bag is better than the using of motorcycle tires. From statistical analysis generally showed that the best mixture of yield was 3: 3 mixture based on gas production parameters and flame color. Comparatively, mixture chicken manure and goat manure had the best result for gas production.