Factors contributing to low haemoglobin level of pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy at Nandom Municipality, Ghana

Abstract

Background: During pregnancy, the body’s iron needs significantly rise as the mother’s blood volume expands, and the foetus undergoes growth and development. According to global statistics, 56% of pregnant women in Low-and-middle income countries suffer from anaemia. The study therefore assessed the factors contributing to low haemoglobin levels of pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy at Nandom of Ghana. Methods: This study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design and a quantitative data collection method to fulfil its specific objectives. The study recruited pregnant women in their third trimester who were receiving antenatal care services. Simple random sampling was used to select 404 participants. Results: The prevalence of anaemia in the Nandom municipality stands at 59.9%. Low haemoglobin levels were substantially more common in women who did not attend (Antenatal care) ANC than in those who did (aOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.42–5.70, p = 0.003). Women relying heavily on cultural beliefs had higher odds of low adherence to ANC visits (aOR = 2.40, CI: (1.27–4.55), p = 0.007). Conclusion: Pregnant women who attended ANC have a significantly lower odds of developing anaemia and as such, ANC is seen as a protective factor. Moreover, cultural beliefs hindered ANC visits and increased the likelihood of anaemia among pregnant women.